{"id":9571,"date":"2026-11-09T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-11-09T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uplastech.com\/?p=9571"},"modified":"2026-11-09T01:00:00","modified_gmt":"2026-11-09T01:00:00","slug":"silicone-low-temperature-flexibility","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uplastech.com\/fr\/silicone-low-temperature-flexibility\/","title":{"rendered":"Silicone at Low Temperature: Why a Seal Still Leaks at Minus 40"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n.upl-blog{font-size:17px;line-height:1.78;color:#1f2937}\n.upl-blog p{margin:0 0 18px}\n.upl-blog h2{font-size:26px;line-height:1.3;color:#0b2b33;margin:46px 0 14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.015em}\n.upl-blog h3{font-size:19.5px;color:#0d3b47;margin:28px 0 10px;font-weight:700}\n.upl-blog ul,.upl-blog ol{margin:0 0 20px;padding-left:22px}\n.upl-blog li{margin:0 0 9px}\n.upl-blog figure{margin:0 0 34px}\n.upl-blog figure img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block;border-radius:10px}\n.upl-blog 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ul.cta-need li::before{content:\"\\2713\";position:absolute;left:0;color:#e07a1f;font-weight:700}\n\/* ==UPL-CONVERSION-MODULES-END== *\/\n@media(max-width:640px){.upl-blog h2{font-size:22px}.upl-blog table{font-size:13px}.upl-blog .cta{padding:24px}.upl-blog ul.conv-need,.upl-blog ul.cta-need{grid-template-columns:1fr}.upl-blog .problem,.upl-blog .steps,.upl-blog .conv,.upl-blog .checklist{padding:18px}}\n\/* \u5355\u7bc7\u9875\u9690\u85cf WhatsApp \u95ee\u5019\u5361\uff0c\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u5706\u5f62\u6c14\u6ce1\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u906e\u6321\u4fa7\u680f\u8be2\u76d8\u63d0\u4ea4\u6309\u94ae\u3002\n   \u6ce8\u610f\uff1aClick to Chat \u7684\u70b9\u51fb\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u300c\u95ee\u5019\u5361\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u4e0d\u8df3\u8f6c\u300d\uff0c\u53ea\u9760 CSS \u9690\u85cf\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6c14\u6ce1\u53d8\u6210\u6b7b\u94fe\u63a5\u3002\n   Code Snippets #9\u300cUPL single post: WhatsApp bubble jumps straight to chat\u300d\u8d1f\u8d23\u628a\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u4ece DOM \u79fb\u9664\uff0c\n   \u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6761 CSS \u53ea\u662f\u79fb\u9664\u524d\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u515c\u5e95\u3002\u5220 #9 \u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5220\u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u3002 *\/\nbody.single-post .ht_ctc_chat_greetings_box{display:none !important}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"upl-blog\">\n<figure>\n<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/uplastech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sr-04-silicone-tubing.jpg\" alt=\"Coils of translucent and white silicone tubing stacked on a bench\" width=\"1536\" height=\"909\"><figcaption>Tubing and seals have to stay compliant at the lowest service temperature, not just survive without cracking.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"toc\"><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"number\">Cold flexibility is not one number<\/h2>\n<p>A datasheet that says a silicone is serviceable down to minus 60 C is usually quoting a brittleness or a stiffening test on an unstressed sample. It does not say that a compressed gasket at that temperature still pushes hard enough against its mating faces to hold a seal. Those are two different questions.<\/p>\n<p>A static seal works by stored elastic force. The joint is assembled with a defined squeeze, the rubber pushes back, and that contact stress has to stay above the pressure it is sealing against. As the compound stiffens in the cold, its ability to follow small movements and surface irregularities falls, and the contact stress decays.<\/p>\n<p>Thermal contraction adds to the problem. Silicone expands and contracts roughly ten times as much as steel or aluminium, so cooling a housed seal changes the squeeze in the groove as well as the stiffness of the rubber. A gland designed at room temperature can be significantly less compressed at minus 40 C.<\/p>\n<p>Time matters too. A seal that has taken a compression set during a long hot service period starts with less stored force, so it reaches the leak threshold at a higher temperature than a fresh part. Cold failure is often the last step of a heat ageing problem that began months earlier.<\/p>\n<p>The right way to frame the requirement is to state the lowest temperature, the medium and pressure to be sealed, the time at temperature before the seal is asked to work, and the allowable leakage. A single minimum temperature on a drawing does not capture any of that.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"crystallise\">Crystallisation is what stiffens standard VMQ<\/h2>\n<p>The siloxane backbone is extremely flexible, which is why the glass transition of a standard methyl silicone sits around minus 120 C. Long before that temperature is reached, however, an unfilled or lightly filled VMQ can crystallise. Segments of the chain pack into ordered regions, and the material stiffens sharply somewhere in the minus 60 to minus 80 C range depending on the grade.<\/p>\n<p>Crystallisation is a phase change, not a glass transition, and it is time dependent. A part held at a temperature where crystallisation is favourable stiffens progressively over hours. That is why a seal that passes a short cold soak can fail after a night at the same temperature.<\/p>\n<p>The standard remedy is to disrupt the regularity of the chain. Introducing phenyl groups along the backbone makes packing difficult and suppresses crystallisation, giving low temperature grades that stay compliant well below minus 100 C. The trade-off is cost, and often a reduction in tear strength or a change in high temperature behaviour.<\/p>\n<p>Fillers, crosslink density and cure chemistry shift the behaviour as well. A highly filled high hardness compound has less free chain to move, so it stiffens earlier. A very soft compound has more chain mobility but lower sealing force to begin with. Hardness selection for a cold seal is a balance, not a simple choice of the softest grade.<\/p>\n<p>Crystallisation is reversible on warming, which is a useful diagnostic clue. A joint that leaks at minus 40 C and then seals again when it returns to room temperature has a stiffness problem. A joint that continues to leak after warming has taken a set, been damaged, or was never compressed correctly.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tests\">What TR10, brittle point and low temperature set each tell you<\/h2>\n<p>TR10, or temperature retraction at 10 percent, is the most useful of the standard low temperature tests for a seal. A sample is stretched, frozen in the stretched state, then released and warmed gradually. The temperature at which it has recovered 10 percent of its elongation is the TR10 value. It probes elastic recovery, not just stiffness.<\/p>\n<p>A brittleness temperature test asks a different question: at what temperature does a struck sample crack. It is a useful lower bound for handling and impact, but it can be far below the temperature at which the same compound stops sealing. Quoting it as a service limit is a common source of cold leaks.<\/p>\n<p>Low temperature compression set is the test that comes closest to the real joint. A compressed button is held at the service temperature for a defined time, released cold, and the recovered thickness is measured. A high set at minus 40 C means the seal will not follow a flange that moves as the assembly cools.<\/p>\n<figure>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/uplastech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/silicone-low-temperature-flexibility-chart.jpg\" alt=\"Sealing force retention against temperature: calculated response trend and an illustrative root-cause split\" width=\"1536\" height=\"909\"><figcaption>Figure 1 - Calculated response trend and an illustrative root-cause split. Values are engineering guidance for diagnosis, not a measured survey; confirm them on your own line before changing a drawing or a specification.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>For a complete picture, test the assembled part rather than a laboratory button. A cold leak test on the real housing, with the real squeeze and the real medium, captures thermal contraction of the gland, surface finish and assembly tolerances that no standard specimen can reproduce.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Test<\/th>\n<th>What it measures<\/th>\n<th>What it does not tell you<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>TR10<\/td>\n<td>Elastic recovery after freezing stretched<\/td>\n<td>Contact stress in a real gland<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Brittleness temperature<\/td>\n<td>Resistance to cracking on impact<\/td>\n<td>Whether a cold seal still seals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Low temperature compression set<\/td>\n<td>Recovery after cold compression<\/td>\n<td>The effect of a metal housing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cold stiffness or modulus<\/td>\n<td>Force needed to deform the compound<\/td>\n<td>Long-term set after heat ageing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Assembled cold leak test<\/td>\n<td>Real joint behaviour at temperature<\/td>\n<td>Which material property is limiting<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"tablecap\">Table 1 - Low temperature tests and the question each one answers.<\/p>\n<p>Ask for the test conditions with the number: conditioning time, specimen geometry, cooling rate and whether the sample was released cold or warm. TR10 and compression set both move with those details, and a value without them cannot be compared between suppliers.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"compound\">Choosing a compound for the cold<\/h2>\n<p>Start with the lowest temperature the assembled joint will actually see, and add margin for the time held there. A general purpose VMQ is often adequate down to around minus 50 C for a short exposure with a generous squeeze. For a long soak below that, or for a dynamic seal, a low temperature phenyl modified grade is usually the safer choice.<\/p>\n<p>Hardness is the second decision. A 40 to 50 Shore A compound conforms well to rough or uneven flanges at room temperature, but has less stored force to lose. A 60 to 70 Shore A compound holds more force and extrudes less, but stiffens earlier. For a static cold seal, 50 to 60 Shore A is a common working compromise.<\/p>\n<p>Check the cure system. Platinum cured grades generally give a cleaner network with lower compression set and fewer volatiles, which helps both cold sealing and any downstream post-cure requirement. Peroxide cured grades can be perfectly adequate, but their set behaviour and byproduct profile need to be verified for the application.<\/p>\n<p>Do not choose a fluorosilicone for low temperature performance by default. Fluorosilicone is specified for fuel and oil resistance and is typically worse in the cold than a standard VMQ, and markedly worse than a phenyl grade. If both fluid resistance and cold flexibility are required, that is a compound development conversation, not a catalogue substitution.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Option<\/th>\n<th>Low temperature behaviour<\/th>\n<th>Trade-off<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>General purpose VMQ<\/td>\n<td>Adequate to roughly minus 50 C<\/td>\n<td>Crystallises on a long cold soak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Low temperature phenyl VMQ<\/td>\n<td>Stays compliant well below minus 80 C<\/td>\n<td>Higher cost, changed tear and heat behaviour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Softer 40 Shore A grade<\/td>\n<td>Conforms to rough flanges<\/td>\n<td>Lower stored sealing force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Harder 70 Shore A grade<\/td>\n<td>More stored force, less extrusion<\/td>\n<td>Stiffens earlier in the cold<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fluorosilicone (FVMQ)<\/td>\n<td>Usually worse than standard VMQ<\/td>\n<td>Chosen for fuel and oil, not for cold<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"tablecap\">Table 2 - Compound options for a low temperature seal and what each one costs you.<\/p>\n<p>Confirm the choice with post-cure included in the test. Post-cure changes the crosslink network and removes volatiles, and a property measured on a green sample is not the property the customer receives. Test the finished, post-cured part.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"design\">Designing the joint for a cold start<\/h2>\n<p>Allow for differential contraction in the gland. A silicone O ring in a steel groove loses squeeze as the assembly cools because the rubber shrinks more than the metal. Size the groove for the cold condition as well as the warm one, and check that the warm condition does not overfill the gland or overstress the ring.<\/p>\n<p>Avoid very small squeeze on a cold seal. A nominal 10 to 15 percent squeeze on an O ring leaves little stored force once thermal contraction and any set are taken out. Static face seals often work better with somewhat higher squeeze, provided the flange and the fasteners can carry the load.<\/p>\n<p>Keep the section as compliant as the pressure allows. A thick, chunky gasket is stiffer in bending than a thin lip or a hollow profile, and stiffness is what stops a seal following a flange that warps as it cools. Where extrusion is a concern, add a backup ring rather than making the whole section harder.<\/p>\n<p>Consider the assembly temperature. A sealed unit assembled in a warm factory and shipped into a cold climate starts its life with a different stress state from one assembled cold. If the product sees both, the validation has to cover both assembly conditions.<\/p>\n<p>Give the seal time to recover when it warms. Crystallisation reverses, but a joint that has been leaking may have taken a set or trapped moisture at the interface. A warm-up cycle before a pressure test is a reasonable part of the service procedure for equipment that cycles between extremes.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"specify\">Testing and specifying a low temperature requirement<\/h2>\n<p>Write the requirement as a performance statement: the assembled joint holds the stated pressure at the stated temperature for the stated time, with a defined leakage limit. Then name the supporting material tests, such as TR10 and low temperature compression set, with their conditions and acceptance values.<\/p>\n<p>State the conditioning time at temperature explicitly. A 2 hour soak and a 16 hour soak can give very different results on a crystallising grade, and the difference is exactly what a cold start problem looks like. Include the number of thermal cycles if the product cycles.<\/p>\n<p>Include the assembled cold leak test in first article approval, using production parts from the production tool and the production post-cure cycle. A plaque pressed in a laboratory does not have the same cure state, orientation or skin as a moulded gasket.<\/p>\n<p>Log the mating flange material, surface finish, flatness and fastener torque with the test result. A stiff compound and a wavy flange will fail together even when each is within its own specification. These are the variables that make two suppliers' test results disagree.<\/p>\n<p>Ask for the batch and post-cure record with the parts. Hardness and set drift in the first weeks after cure, and a cold leak that appears only on older stock is often a cure state question rather than a compound selection question.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, agree how a failure will be diagnosed. If a joint leaks cold and reseals warm, look at stiffness and grade first. If it stays leaking warm, look at set, groove fill and assembly. That distinction saves a great deal of unnecessary tooling and compound changes.<\/p>\n<div class=\"faq\">\n<h3>Why does a silicone seal leak at minus 40 C when the datasheet says minus 60 C?<\/h3>\n<p>The datasheet limit is usually a brittleness or stiffening test on an unstressed specimen. A seal needs stored elastic force to hold contact stress, and a cold compound that has crystallised or taken a set can lose that force well above the brittleness temperature.<\/p>\n<h3>What is the difference between glass transition and crystallisation in silicone?<\/h3>\n<p>The glass transition of a methyl silicone is around minus 120 C, but chain segments can pack into ordered crystalline regions much higher, often between minus 60 and minus 80 C. Crystallisation is time dependent and reversible on warming; it is the usual reason a VMQ part stiffens in service.<\/p>\n<h3>Which test should I ask for on a cold seal?<\/h3>\n<p>Ask for TR10 for elastic recovery and low temperature compression set for recovery after cold compression, both with their conditioning times and specimen details. Then require an assembled cold leak test on production parts, because no standard button reproduces the metal gland.<\/p>\n<h3>Is a softer silicone always better in the cold?<\/h3>\n<p>No. A softer grade conforms to rough flanges more easily but stores less sealing force. A harder grade holds more force and resists extrusion but stiffens earlier. For a static cold seal, 50 to 60 Shore A is a common working compromise, confirmed by a joint test.<\/p>\n<h3>Should I use fluorosilicone for a cold fuel seal?<\/h3>\n<p>Only after validation. Fluorosilicone is chosen for fuel and oil resistance and is generally worse at low temperature than standard VMQ and much worse than a phenyl modified grade. Requiring both fluid resistance and cold flexibility usually needs a specific compound development.<\/p>\n<h3>Does post-cure change low temperature performance?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes. Post-cure completes the network and removes volatiles, changing hardness, compression set and elastic recovery. Test the finished, post-cured part rather than a green sample, and record the post-cure cycle with the batch.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cta\">\n<p class=\"cta-h\">A gasket sealing warm and leaking cold?<\/p>\n<p>Send the compound and hardness, the groove dimensions, the lowest service temperature and how long the joint stays there. We will help you separate a grade problem from a gland design and compression set problem.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/uplastech.com\/fr\/silicone-rubber\/\">Talk to our silicone team<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"rel\">\n<h4>Continue reading<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/uplastech.com\/fr\/high-temperature-silicone\/\">High Temperature Silicone<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/uplastech.com\/fr\/silicone-compression-set\/\">Silicone Compression Set<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/uplastech.com\/fr\/silicone-hardness-shore-a\/\">Silicone Hardness Shore A<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/uplastech.com\/fr\/silicone-shrinkage\/\">Silicone Shrinkage<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/uplastech.com\/fr\/silicone-oil-resistance\/\">Silicone Oil Resistance<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Standard VMQ stays rubbery well below minus 50 C on a datasheet, yet a cold gasket can lose the force that keeps a joint sealed. 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